Ethernet Cables

What Is Ethernet?

Ethernet is a method for physically connecting computers and other devices within a localized area, commonly called a local area network (LAN). It enables efficient sharing of files, information, and data among connected devices.

First introduced in 1980, Ethernet became standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 1982. This standardization ensures that all networking devices use compatible ports and adhere to specific guidelines outlined by the IEEE, which continues to update these standards to align with advancing technology. Ethernet cable manufacturers must follow these strict standards to guarantee quality and safety.

What Is Ethernet Cable?

Ethernet cables are specialized network cables designed for use with Ethernet ports, which are commonly found on devices like routers, computers, TVs, and other internet-enabled equipment. Hard wiring devices through Ethernet offers faster internet speeds and more reliable connectivity. It is generally recommended for stationary devices, while WiFi is better suited for mobile devices.

Although the initial setup cost can be significant, particularly for some advanced systems, the long-term savings may outweigh recurring expenses associated with alternatives like subscription-based services.

Types of Ethernet Cables

Currently, seven types of Ethernet cables are available, each differing in transfer speed, download speed, and frequency (or network capacity). It's important to note that longer cables typically experience more significant power loss. Here's a breakdown of the Ethernet cable types and their specifications:

• Cat 5: Transfer speed of 100 Mbps, download speed of 15.5 MB/s, and 100 MHz frequency.
• Cat 5E: Transfer speed of 1,000 Mbps, download speed of 150.5 MB/s, and 100 MHz frequency.
• Cat 6: Transfer speed of 1,000 Mbps, download speed of 150.5 MB/s, and 250 MHz frequency.
• Cat 6A: Transfer speed of 10,000 Mbps, download speed of 1,250 MB/s, and 500 MHz frequency.
• Cat 7: Transfer speed of 10,000 Mbps, download speed of 1,250 MB/s, and 600 MHz frequency.
• Cat 7A: Transfer speed of 10,000 Mbps, download speed of 1,250 MB/s, and 1,000 MHz frequency.
• Cat 8: Transfer speed of 40,000 Mbps, download speed of 5,000 MB/s, and 2,000 MHz frequency.

What Do Ethernet Cables Look Like?

Ethernet cables resemble phone cables but have some key differences. Unlike phone cables, which have four wires, Ethernet cables contain eight wires. Additionally, the connector on an Ethernet cable is slightly larger than a phone cable.

At each end of an Ethernet cable is a modular plug, often referred to as an RJ45 connector. These connectors feature a small lever on top to secure the connection and make it easy to disconnect. When properly inserted, the connector clicks into place. Some Ethernet ports also include illuminated LED lights to indicate a successful connection.

Ethernet cables come in various lengths, typically ranging from 0.3 meters to over 30 meters. Users can also cut cables to a custom length to suit specific needs.

These cables are available in many colors, though the colors themselves have no functional differences. Network administrators often use color-coded cables to simplify network management, while some internet service providers supply different-colored cables for easy identification and reference.

What Does An Ethernet Cable Do?

Ethernet cables are primarily used to establish internet connections and link devices within a local network. These cables connect to Ethernet ports found on various devices.

Their most common application is connecting a WiFi router or modem to the internet source, such as a telephone line or entry port. Additionally, Ethernet cables can hard wire devices like computers, TVs, and other gadgets that rely on internet or network connectivity to function.

Why Use An Ethernet Cable?

WiFi has grown increasingly popular in recent years thanks to technological advancements that provide faster speeds and more reliable coverage. However, WiFi has limitations, including its ability to simultaneously support a limited number of devices. With multiple WiFi-enabled devices competing for bandwidth, you may experience weak or unstable connections.

Older homes often have WiFi dead zones, where signals weaken as they pass through walls. Everyday household items such as microwaves, baby monitors, wireless cameras, cordless phones, and satellite TV receivers can interfere with WiFi performance.

Connect your devices directly to the router using Ethernet cables to improve speed and stability. This is especially beneficial for streaming, gaming, and downloading large files. Ethernet connections also provide better security compared to WiFi. Since WiFi transmits data via radio waves, it can be intercepted by anyone in range, whereas data on Ethernet is confined to the local network.

Devices that benefit from a hardwired connection include routers, modems, desktop computers, stationary laptops, gaming consoles, smart TVs, intelligent assistants, printers, NAS drives, surveillance cameras, wireless access points, and smart speakers. A network switch can expand your setup if your router lacks sufficient ports.

Network switches are available in various sizes and price ranges, from budget options around £10 to advanced models costing up to £10,000. An unmanaged switch with fewer ports is often sufficient for essential home use. Businesses may require a smart-managed or fully managed switch to meet more complex networking needs.

Which Ethernet cable is best?

The best choice depends on your specific needs, but Cat 6 cables are more than adequate for most home users. They provide high-speed networking, fast internet access, and low latency for activities like gaming. If you require better performance over distances exceeding 150 feet, Cat 6a is a good option. It offers enhanced shielding, which can be especially useful in crowded apartment buildings with numerous wired and wireless connections or if the cable will run alongside other wiring that may cause signal interference.

For those aiming to future-proof their network or achieve data center-level performance, Cat 8 is a viable, though costlier, alternative. However, Cat 7 and its variations are generally not recommended due to their additional compliance issues and lack of practical benefits.

What type of Ethernet cable should I use for home network?

Even with a high-performance WiFi 6 router, your Internet connection is often the limiting factor for bandwidth. Most major carriers currently provide top-tier Internet plans with download speeds of up to 1 gigabit per second (1,000 Mbps). If you're already using the fastest plan your provider offers, upgrading to Cat6a cables is a smart move, as they provide extra capacity for potential speed upgrades in the future. For download speeds of up to 1 gigabit, however, Cat5e cables are a cost-effective alternative. They are more affordable than Cat6a and easier to install due to their thinner design.

How Long Can an Ethernet Cable Be?

The length of an Ethernet cable is a critical factor to consider for optimal performance. The recommended maximum length for standard Cat5 Ethernet cables is 100 meters. It's best to use the shortest cable length necessary for your setup to ensure efficiency. If a cable run exceeds 100 meters, fiber optic cables are a better option.

Longer cable runs can reduce speed and performance, especially in electrically noisy environments where external interference becomes a significant concern. To maintain reliable performance for high-speed internet over extended distances, it's advisable to use Cat5e, Cat6, or higher-category cables.

How Do You Test an Ethernet Cable?

Ethernet cables can be evaluated using specialized Ethernet cable testers to assess the wires and connections within a local area network (LAN).

It's important to note that Ethernet cables are sometimes interchangeable. Choosing the appropriate category and type depends heavily on the devices used and the specific environmental conditions.

What is the difference between Cat5 and Cat6 Ethernet cable?

Cat6 and Cat6a cables typically cost more than Cat5e, so understanding their benefits is essential. For cable lengths up to 50 feet, Cat6 can support speeds of up to 10 Gbps, compared to 1 Gbps offered by Cat5e. However, for longer distances, the performance of Cat5e and Cat6 tends to be comparable.

Should I upgrade from Cat5e to Cat6 Ethernet cable?

Upgrading to Cat6 is a smart choice if the devices at both ends support 10 Gbps speeds. This upgrade is particularly beneficial for core network connections, such as those linking switches, routers, or bridges, as it allows for higher bandwidth and improved performance.

Are Cat8 Ethernet cables worth the extra money?

Cat8 is designed for switch-to-switch communications in 25G and 40G networks. Residential and commercial projects outside the data center would be better served by Cat6a cable. It is less expensive and easier and faster to install.

Can you mix Cat5 and Cat6 Ethernet cables in a network?

Using Cat5e and Cat6 cables within the same network is fine if you avoid creating a bottleneck. For optimal performance, prioritize using Cat6 cables in areas where high-speed data transfer is crucial, such as the connection between a router and a switch.

Are all Cat6 Ethernet cables the same?

All high-quality cables tested and certified by the manufacturer for specific bandwidths and data rates are fundamentally similar. Shielded Cat6 and Cat6a cables offer superior performance compared to unshielded ones, especially when cables need to be installed near power lines or large electrical equipment.

Do cheap Ethernet cables work just as well?

In short, the answer is no. Category cables are typically made from solid or stranded copper, but some manufacturers offer cheaper alternatives made with copper-clad aluminum (CCA). CCA cables consist of an aluminum core coated with copper. While these cables are less expensive to produce, they tend to be weaker and offer inferior performance compared to those made entirely of copper.

How do I connect an Ethernet cable??

Identify the Ethernet port on your device, which is a square-shaped slot designed to accommodate an RJ45 connector. Plug one end of the Ethernet cable into this port on your computer and connect the other end to a router or another network device.

Which type of Ethernet cable do I need??

If your network is equipped for Gigabit Ethernet, opting for Cat5e or Cat6 cables is a better choice compared to the older Cat5 cables.

Can I run Ethernet cables outside??

It is possible to run Ethernet cables outside between buildings or along exterior walls. To ensure durability and protection from the elements, opt for cables with weatherproofing or a protective coating specifically designed for outdoor use.